Oil.



"UNITED s OIL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 31, 1908.

Application filed July 14, 1904:. Serial No. 216,568.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM N. BLAKE- MAN, Jr., a citizen of the UnitedStates, and resident of the borough of Manhattan, in the city, county,and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Oils, which. invention is fully set forth in the followingspecification.

The object of thisinvention is to produce an' oil-vehicle which shall beparticularly adapted for use with those pigments which carry no water incombination and were formerly known as anhydrous, but which may also bedisignated as pigments containing no hydroxyl, all of these pigmentsbeing deficient in spreading power when ground in the usual oil vehicle.

Linseed and other oils used as paint-vehicles are, as found in commerce,regarded and sold as normal or neutral, although a chemical examinationthereof will generally show the presence therein of a varying quantityof free acid; but, whether this commercial oil be found neutral or acidupon such examination, no white pigment with the exception of Dutchlead, has sufficient spreading power when ground therein, to be used asa sole basis for paint, this property of Dutch lead being due to thehydrated oxid of lead which it carries in combination.

I have discovered. that commercial neutral oil can be so treated thatall those pigments which ordinarily are deficient in spreading powershall, when ground therewith and applied as a paint, produce a smooth,uniform iomogcneous and elastic film similar to that obtained by thecombination of Dutch lead and linseed oil. This I accomplish by incorporating with the oil a rancidified agent, as will now be describ ed Icarry out my process by incorporating with commercial linseed, or otheranimal or vegetable oil, a rancidified. agent composed of an oil or fat,or a derivative of an oil or fat, in a state of rancidity.

To form my rancidified agent, I take an oil or fat (or a derivativethereof)-say linseed oiland expose it in broad surfaces to light and airuntil it has rancidified and indicates, by test, the presence of five orsix per cent. of hydrated fatty acids not found in com mercial oil. Ithen incorporate about five per cent. of this highly rancidified oil,with commercial linseed, or other, oil, with which. it is miscible, andsuch commercial oil will then show the presence of from 25/100 to 30[100of one per cent. of hydrated fatty acids for the entire bulk of oil. Themaximum quantity of hydrated fatty acids for the rancidified agent,would seem to be, according to my experiments, from 8 to 10 per cent,and five per cent. of this rancidified oil when introduced intocommercial neutral oil will indicate from 40/100 to 50/100 of one percent. of hydrated fatty acids for the entire bulk of oil.- If therancidified agent exhibits more than about 10 per cent. of hydratedfatty acids, it will no longer be entirely miscible with, or soluble in,commercial neutral oil, but will clot and flock and tend to defeat theprocess.

As the method of forming a rancidified agent by merely exposing an oilor fat to air and light, will be found to be a slow one,

quicker results may be obtained by first oxidizing the oil or fat eitherby boiling it on oxidizers (such as manganese oxid) or by submitting itwith heat to the action of pure oxygen under pressure, or by passingthrough it, with heat, thoroughly dried air; and then exposing it to theaction of air and light until it has sufficiently rancidified.

Any animal or vegetable oil or fat, or a ATES PATENT OFFICE.

derivative thereofsuch as oleic acid-may be rancidified and used as arancidified agent in carrying out my process.

Commercial linseed, or other animal or vegetable oil, treated by myprocess with a rancidi'fied agent, as 'above described, will not beaffected in fluidity, and the oilvehicle formed will be found to impartspreading power to all those pigments which ordinarily are deficient inspreading power when ground in oil. Among the pigments which may beused, either singly or in combination, are zinc oxid, zinc sul'lid, leadsulfate, lead sulfite, lead oxysulphate or sublimed lead, bariumsulfate, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, strontium sulfate,strontium carbonate and the like. 100 parts of linseed oil showing 1/4of one per cent. of hydrated fatty acids (by reason of the presencetherein of my rancidified agent) when properly ground With 200 parts ofoxysulfate of lead, or 80 parts each of lead sulfate and Zinc oxid, or30 parts each of zinc oxid, lead sulfate and barium sulfate, and spreadas apaint (with the usual quantity of liquid drier) will follow thebrush in a smooth and uniform film, in all respects.

equal to white lead in linseed oil.

The degree of rancidity of the rancidified agent, and the proportion ofthis agent to be introduced into commercial neutral oil, may be variedas practice shall'dictate and will depend partly upon the character ofthe pigment with which the oil is to be used. For reasons'above given,the agent should not be rancidified to exceed about 10 per cent. of hydrated fatty acids and if the commercial oil treated with the agent becaused to show the presence of about 25/100 or 35/100 of one per cent.of hydrated fatty acids, satisfactory results will be obtained. Thepresence of as little as 1/10 of one per cent. of such acids in thecommercial oil will be found to exert a decided influence; but as muchas one per cent., or even more, may be found necessary, in practice, toobtain the best results with a particular pigment or pigmentcompound. Itis obvious, however, that if in forming the vehicle, an agent be usedwhich has been highly rancidified, a smaller percentage of such agentwill be required than of an agent which has been only slightlyrancidified. If desired, a uniform standard of rancidity may be adoptedfor the agent, and then the percentage of this agent to be used will bedetermined by the character of the pigment.

Heat, pressure and agitation, may be employed at any stage of theprocess, as may be desired.

I do not herein claim a paint compound made as herein described, thesame being claimed in my application N 0. 301,569, filed February 17,1906.

Having thus fully described my' invention, I claim:

1. As a new composition of matter, a compound or mixture of a dryingfatty oil, and a rancidrlied agent.

2. As a new composition of matter, a compound or mixture of a dryingfatty oil, and a rancidified oil.

3. As a new composition of matter, a compound or mixture, of a dryingfatty oil and rancidified linseed oil.

WM. N. BLAKEMAN, J R.

VVlllIlBSSQSI FRANCIS I. REILLY, CHAS. A. KANE.

